Log in user using either email address or username in Django

Log in user using either email address or username in Django

To allow users to log in using either their email address or username in a Django application, you can customize the authentication process using a custom authentication backend. Django provides a flexible authentication system that allows you to create your own authentication backends to handle different login methods.

Here's how you can achieve this:

  1. Create a Custom Authentication Backend:

    Create a new Python module (e.g., custom_auth.py) within your Django app and define a custom authentication backend that allows users to log in using their email address or username.

    from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

User = get_user_model()

class EmailOrUsernameModelBackend(ModelBackend):
    def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(email=username))
            if user.check_password(password):
                return user
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            return None

    def get_user(self, user_id):
        try:
            return User.objects.get(pk=user_id)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            return None

    In this example, the EmailOrUsernameModelBackend class extends ModelBackend and overrides the authenticate method to handle both email and username login attempts.

  2. Configure Custom Authentication Backend:

    In your Django project's settings (settings.py), add your custom authentication backend to the AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS list.

    AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [
    'your_app.custom_auth.EmailOrUsernameModelBackend',
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',  # Default backend
]

    Replace 'your_app' with the actual name of your Django app.

  3. Update Login View:

    If you're using the default Django login views, you don't need to make any changes since your custom authentication backend works seamlessly with them. Users can now log in using either their email address or username.

Remember to run python manage.py makemigrations and python manage.py migrate after creating the custom authentication backend to ensure that the changes are applied to the database.

With these steps, your Django application should support logging in users using either their email address or username.

Examples

  1. Django custom authentication backend for logging in with email or username:

    • Description: Demonstrates how to create a custom authentication backend in Django to allow users to log in using either their email address or username.
    # custom_auth_backends.py
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class EmailOrUsernameModelBackend(ModelBackend):
    def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        User = get_user_model()
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(email=username)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            user = User.objects.get(username=username)
        if user.check_password(password):
            return user
        return None

  2. Using Django's built-in authentication with custom login form:

    • Description: Shows how to use Django's built-in authentication system with a custom login form to allow users to log in with either email or username.
    # forms.py
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm

class CustomAuthenticationForm(AuthenticationForm):
    def clean_username(self):
        username = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
        if '@' in username:
            return username
        return None

  3. Django custom login view for logging in with email or username:

    • Description: Illustrates how to create a custom login view in Django to handle authentication with either email or username.
    # views.py
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

def custom_login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('home')
    return render(request, 'login.html')

  4. Django form validation for logging in with email or username:

    • Description: Explains how to perform form validation in Django to allow users to log in with either their email address or username.
    # forms.py
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm

class CustomAuthenticationForm(AuthenticationForm):
    def clean_username(self):
        username = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
        if '@' in username:
            return username
        return None

  5. Using Django's built-in User model for logging in with email or username:

    • Description: Shows how to utilize Django's built-in User model to allow users to log in with either their email address or username.
    # views.py
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

def custom_login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('home')
    return render(request, 'login.html')

  6. Django custom user model for logging in with email or username:

    • Description: Demonstrates how to create a custom user model in Django to support logging in with either email address or username.
    # models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class CustomUser(AbstractUser):
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username']

  7. Handling login with email or username in Django REST Framework:

    • Description: Explains how to handle user authentication with either email address or username in Django REST Framework.
    # serializers.py
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from rest_framework import serializers

class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    username = serializers.CharField()
    password = serializers.CharField()

    def validate(self, data):
        user = authenticate(**data)
        if user and user.is_active:
            return user
        raise serializers.ValidationError("Incorrect credentials")

  8. Django template for login with email or username:

    • Description: Provides a template for the login form in Django to support logging in with either email address or username.
    <!-- login.html -->
<form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <label for="username">Username or Email:</label>
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required>
    <label for="password">Password:</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required>
    <button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>

  9. Django authentication backend for logging in with email as username:

    • Description: Shows how to create a custom authentication backend in Django to treat email addresses as usernames for logging in.
    # custom_auth_backends.py
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class EmailAsUsernameBackend(ModelBackend):
    def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        User = get_user_model()
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(email=username)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            return None
        if user.check_password(password):
            return user
        return None

  10. Logging in with email or username using Django's authenticate() function:

    • Description: Demonstrates how to use Django's built-in authenticate() function to log in users with either their email address or username.
    # views.py
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

def custom_login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('home')
    return render(request, 'login.html')

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